What are the three pillars of sustainability? 

The concept of the ‘three pillars’ of sustainability became widely recognised within the early 2000s, particularly following the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development.

The three pillars of sustainability consist of:

• Environment
• Social
• Economic

The Environmental Pillar of sustainability relates to physical aspects of the world we live in, including the air we breathe, water, and the resources we consume. It also includes issues such as biodiversity and the protection of flora and fauna.

The Social Pillar of sustainability relates to the more human elements of sustainability. From a built environment perspective, this includes key issues ranging from building strong positive relationships with the communities we work in, to ensuring skills in the construction sector are developed and workers are treated fairly.

The Economic Pillar of sustainability relates to some of the more financial aspects of sustainability. This can range from the running costs of a piece of equipment compared to purchase, through to the financial value we place on some of the services the natural environment provides us. It can also include wider benefits such as job creation and local spend.

Considering environmental and economic issues may lead to situations that are ‘Viable’. However, this might be to the detriment of social issues. For example, a developer might construct a new housing development using all of the latest environmental technology to construct super-efficient properties with a minimal impact on the environment. They may also be very aware of their target market.

However, they might also fail to consider social issues such as engaging and listening to local people about their views on the development, or even ensuring some homes are made affordable so existing communities can be maintained.

Considering environmental and social issues may lead to situations that are ‘Bearable’. However, this might be to the detriment of economic issues. For example, a community could set up a project to afforest an area of wasteland in their town.

This could lead to a number of benefits such as improved habitat for wildlife and bringing members of the community together. However, such an initiative is unlikely to make money from an economic perspective.

Considering economic and social issues may lead to situations that are ‘Equitable’. However, this might be to the detriment of environmental issues. For example, a company might build a factory in a town, providing jobs for local people and a boost to the local economy. However, this development might lead to the destruction of natural habitats or reduced air quality in the local area.

Thinking sustainably requires therefore the holistic balance of all three pillars, with the need to incorporate the Environmental, Social and Economic in any decision that is made.

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